1 |
♠KQT92
♥Q2
♦A5
♣A943
|
Dlr: North Vul: None |
|
♠4
♥AK9853
♦Q93
♣J65
|
♠A7653
♥T6
♦JT42
♣K2
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
8 |
6 |
5 |
7 |
7 |
South |
8 |
6 |
5 |
7 |
7 |
East |
5 |
7 |
8 |
5 |
5 |
West |
5 |
7 |
8 |
5 |
5 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
140 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
2♠ |
N |
3 |
+2 |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
|
50 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
2N |
S |
-1 |
- |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
|
50 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
2♠ |
N |
-1 |
- |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
|
140 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
2♥ |
W |
3 |
-1 |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
2 |
♠732
♥K75
♦QJ97
♣A96
|
Dlr: East Vul: N-S |
|
♠AK965
♥A9
♦T854
♣QJ
|
♠QJ4
♥QJ832
♦K
♣KT73
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
5 |
6 |
3 |
3 |
5 |
South |
5 |
6 |
3 |
3 |
5 |
East |
8 |
6 |
9 |
10 |
7 |
West |
8 |
6 |
9 |
10 |
8 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
100 |
|
2.50 |
0.50 |
4♠ |
W |
-2 |
+2 |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
100 |
|
2.50 |
0.50 |
4♠ |
W |
-2 |
+2 |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
|
420 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
4♠ |
W |
4 |
- |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
|
420 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
4♠ |
W |
4 |
- |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
3 |
♠A872
♥732
♦K96
♣J93
|
Dlr: South Vul: E-W |
|
♠9
♥AJ9
♦AQT75432
♣8
|
♠QJT543
♥KQ54
♦J
♣K7
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
9 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
8 |
South |
9 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
8 |
East |
4 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
4 |
West |
4 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
4 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
100 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
5♦ |
W |
-1 |
- |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
|
100 |
2.00 |
1.00 |
5♣ |
S |
-2 |
- |
5-Lane-Nasser |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
|
130 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
3♦ |
W |
4 |
- |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
|
600 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
5♦ |
W |
5 |
-1 |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
4 |
♠AK4
♥T5
♦Q874
♣KQJ6
|
Dlr: West Vul: Both |
|
♠92
♥AJ876
♦AKT952
♣-
|
♠JT8753
♥Q2
♦6
♣T743
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
9 |
6 |
5 |
5 |
9 |
South |
9 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
9 |
East |
3 |
7 |
8 |
6 |
4 |
West |
3 |
7 |
8 |
6 |
4 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
600 |
|
2.50 |
0.50 |
3N |
S |
3 |
- |
5-Lane-Nasser |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
600 |
|
2.50 |
0.50 |
3N |
N |
3 |
- |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
100 |
|
1.00 |
2.00 |
2♥ |
W |
-1 |
+1 |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
|
90 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
2♦ |
W |
2 |
-1 |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
5 |
♠Q7
♥T9432
♦AJ875
♣A
|
Dlr: North Vul: N-S |
|
♠AT6
♥K6
♦KT32
♣T864
|
♠KJ942
♥Q87
♦Q6
♣K52
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
5 |
7 |
8 |
4 |
5 |
South |
5 |
7 |
8 |
4 |
5 |
East |
7 |
6 |
5 |
9 |
7 |
West |
8 |
6 |
5 |
9 |
7 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
50 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
3♠ |
E |
-1 |
+1 |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
5-Lane-Nasser |
|
100 |
2.00 |
1.00 |
2♥ |
N |
-1 |
-1 |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
|
110 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
2♠ |
E |
2 |
+1 |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
|
140 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
3♠ |
E |
3 |
- |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
6 |
♠-
♥J82
♦AQ8743
♣KJ62
|
Dlr: East Vul: E-W |
|
♠K7654
♥AT95
♦T9
♣Q4
|
♠A932
♥6
♦J2
♣AT9753
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
5 |
10 |
9 |
5 |
7 |
South |
5 |
10 |
9 |
5 |
7 |
East |
8 |
3 |
4 |
8 |
4 |
West |
8 |
3 |
4 |
8 |
4 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
430 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
3N |
N |
4 |
+3 |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
|
50 |
2.00 |
1.00 |
3♥ |
S |
-1 |
-1 |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
|
100 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
4♥ |
S |
-2 |
-1 |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
5-Lane-Nasser |
|
100 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
4♥ |
S |
-2 |
-1 |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
7 |
♠KJ9875
♥J86
♦65
♣97
|
Dlr: South Vul: Both |
|
♠Q642
♥A3
♦KJ984
♣T2
|
♠T3
♥92
♦QT72
♣AKJ54
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
5 |
4 |
9 |
8 |
6 |
South |
5 |
4 |
9 |
8 |
6 |
East |
7 |
9 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
West |
7 |
9 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
140 |
|
2.50 |
0.50 |
2♥ |
S |
3 |
- |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
140 |
|
2.50 |
0.50 |
1♥ |
S |
3 |
- |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
|
100 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
4♥ |
S |
-1 |
- |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
|
100 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
4♥ |
S |
-1 |
- |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
5-Lane-Nasser |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
8 |
♠K6
♥AQ7
♦J865
♣AT86
|
Dlr: West Vul: None |
|
♠QT9
♥KT93
♦A9
♣KJ94
|
♠J7542
♥J42
♦KT3
♣53
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
8 |
9 |
6 |
5 |
7 |
South |
8 |
9 |
6 |
5 |
7 |
East |
5 |
4 |
6 |
7 |
5 |
West |
5 |
4 |
7 |
7 |
5 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
90 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
2♦ |
N |
2 |
-1 |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
5-Lane-Nasser |
|
50 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
2♦ |
S |
-1 |
-2 |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
|
50 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
2♦ |
S |
-1 |
-2 |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
|
110 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
2♠ |
E |
2 |
-1 |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
9 |
♠8762
♥K9
♦T765
♣AQ9
|
Dlr: North Vul: E-W |
|
♠T9
♥QJ32
♦94
♣76532
|
♠KQJ53
♥6
♦AKJ32
♣K4
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
7 |
4 |
8 |
4 |
5 |
South |
7 |
4 |
8 |
4 |
5 |
East |
6 |
8 |
5 |
9 |
7 |
West |
6 |
8 |
5 |
9 |
8 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
100 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
3♦ |
E |
-1 |
- |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
5-Lane-Nasser |
|
50 |
2.00 |
1.00 |
2♥ |
S |
-1 |
-1 |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
|
110 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
3♦ |
E |
3 |
-1 |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
|
110 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
3♦ |
E |
3 |
-1 |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
10 |
♠QJ98432
♥-
♦982
♣J42
|
Dlr: East Vul: Both |
|
♠AT7
♥AQJ73
♦T
♣KT63
|
♠-
♥KT652
♦AQ7643
♣A5
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
4 |
3 |
0 |
7 |
3 |
South |
4 |
3 |
0 |
7 |
3 |
East |
9 |
10 |
13 |
6 |
9 |
West |
9 |
10 |
13 |
6 |
9 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
|
620 |
3.00 |
0.00 |
4♥ |
E |
4 |
+3 |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
|
680 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
4♥ |
E |
6 |
+1 |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
|
680 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
4♥ |
E |
6 |
+1 |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
|
710 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
4♥ |
W |
7 |
- |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
5-Lane-Nasser |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
11 |
♠AQT72
♥76
♦832
♣J76
|
Dlr: South Vul: None |
|
♠K63
♥95
♦T65
♣KT982
|
♠J54
♥KQT43
♦A94
♣53
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
8 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
South |
8 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
East |
5 |
4 |
5 |
3 |
4 |
West |
5 |
4 |
5 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
400 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
3N |
S |
3 |
- |
5-Lane-Nasser |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
110 |
|
1.50 |
1.50 |
2♠ |
S |
2 |
-1 |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
110 |
|
1.50 |
1.50 |
2♠ |
S |
2 |
-1 |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
|
50 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
2N |
S |
-1 |
-2 |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
12 |
♠Q
♥AQ975
♦AQ63
♣JT5
|
Dlr: West Vul: N-S |
|
♠872
♥KJ843
♦5
♣KQ32
|
♠KJ654
♥T62
♦T42
♣94
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
10 |
11 |
7 |
8 |
10 |
South |
10 |
11 |
7 |
8 |
10 |
East |
3 |
1 |
5 |
5 |
3 |
West |
3 |
1 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
660 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
3N |
S |
5 |
+1 |
5-Lane-Nasser |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
630 |
|
2.00 |
1.00 |
3N |
N |
4 |
- |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
130 |
|
1.00 |
2.00 |
3♦ |
S |
4 |
-1 |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
|
100 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
5♦ |
S |
-1 |
-1 |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
13 |
♠AQ
♥AQ4
♦T975
♣J874
|
Dlr: North Vul: Both |
|
♠73
♥KT9632
♦KQ2
♣62
|
♠K942
♥J87
♦AJ
♣AKQ5
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
4 |
5 |
3 |
6 |
3 |
South |
4 |
5 |
3 |
6 |
3 |
East |
8 |
7 |
10 |
7 |
8 |
West |
8 |
7 |
10 |
7 |
8 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
100 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
2♣ |
E |
-1 |
+1 |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
|
620 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
4♥ |
E |
4 |
- |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
5-Lane-Nasser |
|
620 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
4♥ |
W |
4 |
- |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
|
650 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
4♥ |
W |
5 |
-1 |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
14 |
♠A53
♥QJ832
♦2
♣J874
|
Dlr: East Vul: None |
|
♠J64
♥T75
♦A9853
♣AK
|
♠Q987
♥9
♦JT76
♣T632
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
8 |
4 |
10 |
7 |
9 |
South |
8 |
4 |
10 |
6 |
8 |
East |
5 |
8 |
3 |
6 |
3 |
West |
5 |
8 |
3 |
6 |
3 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
420 |
|
2.00 |
1.00 |
4♥ |
S |
4 |
- |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
420 |
|
2.00 |
1.00 |
4♥ |
S |
4 |
- |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
420 |
|
2.00 |
1.00 |
4♥ |
S |
4 |
- |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
170 |
|
0.00 |
3.00 |
3♥ |
N |
4 |
- |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
5-Lane-Nasser |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
15 |
♠AQ8543
♥J3
♦9
♣9743
|
Dlr: South Vul: N-S |
|
♠7
♥T864
♦865432
♣K5
|
♠J962
♥A97
♦JT
♣JT62
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
10 |
8 |
9 |
11 |
10 |
South |
10 |
8 |
9 |
11 |
10 |
East |
3 |
4 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
West |
3 |
4 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
660 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
3N |
S |
5 |
+1 |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
|
100 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
5♠ |
N |
-1 |
-1 |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
|
100 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
3N |
S |
-1 |
-2 |
5-Lane-Nasser |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
|
300 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
6N |
S |
-3 |
-1 |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
16 |
♠AT
♥K65
♦QJ2
♣KQ942
|
Dlr: West Vul: E-W |
|
♠QJ954
♥Q94
♦8643
♣T
|
♠K32
♥A83
♦T95
♣J875
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
9 |
8 |
9 |
7 |
8 |
South |
9 |
8 |
9 |
7 |
8 |
East |
4 |
4 |
3 |
6 |
5 |
West |
4 |
5 |
3 |
6 |
5 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
430 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
3N |
N |
4 |
+2 |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
150 |
|
2.00 |
1.00 |
2N |
N |
3 |
+1 |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
130 |
|
1.00 |
2.00 |
3♣ |
N |
4 |
+1 |
2-Ruttenberg-Wyman |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
|
50 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
3N |
N |
-1 |
- |
5-Lane-Nasser |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
17 |
♠QJT85
♥A62
♦Q42
♣42
|
Dlr: North Vul: None |
|
♠732
♥T74
♦JT987
♣A8
|
♠K
♥KQJ853
♦A65
♣653
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
10 |
6 |
4 |
11 |
6 |
South |
10 |
6 |
4 |
11 |
6 |
East |
2 |
7 |
9 |
2 |
2 |
West |
2 |
7 |
9 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
480 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
4♠ |
N |
6 |
+1 |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
420 |
|
2.00 |
1.00 |
4♠ |
N |
4 |
-1 |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
170 |
|
1.00 |
2.00 |
2♠ |
N |
4 |
-1 |
5-Lane-Nasser |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
50 |
|
0.00 |
3.00 |
4♥ |
E |
-1 |
- |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
18 |
♠87542
♥6542
♦Q5
♣T5
|
Dlr: East Vul: N-S |
|
♠J
♥J983
♦T742
♣KJ83
|
♠AKQ3
♥QT7
♦A6
♣Q764
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
3 |
7 |
4 |
6 |
5 |
South |
3 |
7 |
4 |
6 |
5 |
East |
9 |
6 |
9 |
5 |
6 |
West |
9 |
6 |
9 |
6 |
6 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
150 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
3N |
E |
-3 |
- |
8-Papper-Fortuna |
1-Hofmockel-Johnson |
50 |
|
2.00 |
1.00 |
1N |
E |
-1 |
- |
10-Smalley-Fisher |
7-Meyer-Meyer |
|
130 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
2♣ |
E |
4 |
-1 |
3-Chopra-Griffler |
9-Lurie-Rouge |
|
200 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
2♦ |
S |
-2 |
-1 |
5-Lane-Nasser |
4-Noffsinger-Noffsinger |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|